Dispute over CSC jurisdiction to review NIL deals involving university multimedia-rights partners; court declined to categorically exclude MMRs — jurisdiction turns on the entity's relationship to the school.
Coverage of the motionCSC rejection of $7.5M+ in Nebraska athlete deals produced the first settlement arbitrations; confidential outcomes are becoming the de facto case law of deal review.
Coverage of the arbitrationsDirects agencies to use grants, contracts, and consumer-protection authority toward a uniform framework; directs the AG to challenge conflicting state laws. Applies most directly to federally funded institutions with $20M+ athletics revenue.
Federal Register EO indexCurrent federal front-runner: national NIL standards, revenue-sharing framework, eligibility/transfer rules, targeted antitrust exemption, state-law preemption. Senate Commerce hearing June 3, 2026.
Track on Congress.govComprehensive 2026 enactment covering college NIL and extending protections to high school athletes down to 8th grade — the broadest minor-athlete coverage to date.
State-by-state detail41 states permit HS NIL in some form, mostly via athletic-association rules. Common conditions: no school marks, no enrollment contingency, parental consent. Minor-contract law (disaffirmance, trusts) applies.
State-by-state HS guideSelf-employment treatment, 1099-NEC/K reporting, quarterly estimates; state income tax including duty-day apportionment; watch the state NIL-exemption trend (AR 2026).
IRS self-employment tax centerSportsbook NIL deals barred in most jurisdictions by some combination of state law, school policy, and conference rule — screening category #1 in practice.
Gambling law overview (LII)Income-share agreements, athlete 'stock' offerings, and collective investment funds can trigger securities law; money-transmitter and escrow rules can reach platforms holding deal funds.
SEC investor resourcesFERPA plus state comprehensive privacy laws govern platform handling of athlete data — directly applicable to compliance platforms acting as processors for institutions.
2026 state privacy law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo state NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; state publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNo DC NIL law as of the snapshot — the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern; publicity, agent, tax, and minor-contract law still apply.
State NIL law trackerNIL legislative status unclear at snapshot — verify with the legislature. Regardless, the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern.
Browse the state code (Justia)NIL legislative status unclear at snapshot — verify with the legislature. Regardless, the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern.
Browse the state code (Justia)NIL legislative status unclear at snapshot — verify with the legislature. Regardless, the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern.
Browse the state code (Justia)NIL legislative status unclear at snapshot — verify with the legislature. Regardless, the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern.
Browse the state code (Justia)NIL legislative status unclear at snapshot — verify with the legislature. Regardless, the NCAA/House framework and institutional policy govern.
Browse the state code (Justia)$2.78B back damages (2016–2024 athletes) plus forward framework: schools may pay athletes directly up to 22% of average Power-conference revenue ($20.5M in 2025-26, rising to ~$32.9M by year ten).
Case docket & filingsIndependent enforcement body created by the power conferences; enforces the cap, roster rules, and third-party NIL review. Its guidance memos function as rolling rulemaking.
CRS overview of the settlement & CSCMandatory reporting platform for third-party NIL deals of $600+ (five-business-day reporting); reviews Associated-Entity deals for valid business purpose and reasonable compensation range. 17,000+ deals cleared, 500+ rejected through early 2026.
Official NCAA implementation Q&A (PDF)Objector appeals of final approval (roster limits, Title IX damage allocation, cap legality). Any reversal reshapes the entire framework.
Status overviewFirst White House action directing federal attention to pay-for-play, Olympic-sport preservation, and athlete-status questions.
Federal Register EO indexHouse vehicle: NIL rights, state-law preemption, no-employee status, 5% agent-fee cap. Reported by committees Sept. 2025; pulled from the House floor three times — effectively stalled.
Full bill text & statusGuidance treating rev-share as athletic financial assistance was rescinded a month later; the question is unresolved and central to several House appeals — allocation decisions remain litigation-exposed.
Read Title IXState AGs won a preliminary injunction barring NCAA enforcement of its NIL-recruiting ban; 2025 settlement permits NIL discussions during recruiting.
Read the opinionPreliminary injunction against NCAA eligibility-clock rules for a JUCO transfer; prompted a blanket NCAA waiver and a continuing wave of eligibility suits.
Read the opinionThird Circuit: athletes are not categorically barred from FLSA employee status; economic-realities test applies on remand (E.D. Pa., ongoing).
Read the full opinionRegional director found basketball players were NLRA employees; team voted to unionize; petition withdrawn Dec. 2024 before Board review — question undecided, not resolved.
Official NLRB case pageThe current bylaw layer for opt-in schools; for participating schools, CSC guidance now outranks legacy NCAA NIL guidance in practical effect.
Official NCAA Q&A (PDF)Multi-state challenge to the year-in-residence transfer rule; injunction and 2024 consent decree produced the unlimited-transfer environment.
Read the opinionDamages claims by athletes outside the House classes; the vehicle to watch for challenges to the settlement's reach.
Case docket & filingsAntitrust challenge to the Ivy League's no-athletic-scholarship policy; tests whether Alston logic reaches conference-level financial-aid agreements.
Read the opinionAthlete endorsements are advertising: material-connection disclosure, truthful-claims rules, and updated social-media guidance apply to every sponsored post.
Read the current regulationNIL income is generally self-employment income (1099 reporting, quarterly estimates). AM 2023-004: NIL collectives generally do not qualify for 501(c)(3) exemption.
Read AM 2023-004 (PDF)2024 amendment authorized direct institutional involvement in athlete NIL — part of the school-as-participant wave that anticipated the House framework.
Read the statute (Justia)Among the last statute states, enacted late 2023; verify act number and codified cite.
Browse the state code (Justia)Serially amended into one of the most permissive statutes; 2025 amendments align with the House framework and restrict NCAA/CSC enforcement against in-state schools.
State-by-state detailEnacted 2021, repealed 2022 so schools could operate under the more permissive NCAA interim policy. Verify any post-2022 legislative activity before reliance.
Browse the state code (Justia)Unanimous Supreme Court: NCAA limits on education-related benefits violate the Sherman Act; no antitrust immunity. Triggered the NCAA interim NIL policy nine days later.
Read the full opinionF-1 students generally cannot perform U.S.-based NIL work without authorization — a high-risk, frequently missed compliance issue; passive/foreign-executed structures need counsel.
Read the current regulation2023 amendment permitted institutional involvement; 2026 amendment allows athlete use of university trademarks with written permission. High school NIL remains prohibited for UIL athletes.
Read the statute (Ch. 51)Conflict-with-team-contract and IP-protection model rather than the category-ban model used by many other states.
Read the statuteHB 1717 exempts NIL income from state income tax effective 2026 — the leading edge of the NIL tax-competition trend.
State-by-state detailThe deregulation moment: athletes may monetize NIL consistent with state law; pay-for-play and recruiting-inducement prohibitions retained.
Official policy (PDF)Enacted June 2021; amended 2022 to expand permissible institutional and booster-collective involvement. Verify current codified cite.
Browse the state code (Justia)Permits NIL compensation; 2022 amendment allowed team pooling arrangements (verify amendment cite before reliance).
Browse the state code (Justia)Comprehensive endorsement-rights framework including agent and publicity-rights provisions; amended post-2021 — verify current text.
Browse the state code (Justia)Began as a 2021 executive order, codified by SB 6 in 2022.
Browse the state code (Justia)Serially amended toward permissiveness, including expanded institutional involvement; verify the latest amendment before reliance.
Browse the state code (Justia)Pairs NIL rights with athlete health and welfare mandates — one of the few statutes coupling compensation with safety obligations.
Browse the state code (Justia)Early adopter; 2022 amendment removed several original restrictions to keep pace with competing states.
Browse the state code (Justia)2023 amendment (SB 94) extended NIL eligibility to high-school seniors signed with in-state schools — an aggressive recruiting-advantage design other states copied.
Browse the state code (Justia)Enacted 2021 with 2023 effectiveness; verify codified cite and any amendments.
Browse the state code (Justia)2021 enactment; verify current codified citation and amendment history.
Browse the state code (Justia)One of the first-effective NIL laws (July 2021 class); minimal restrictions by design.
Browse the state code (Justia)Governed first by executive order (2021), with subsequent codification — verify the statute cite and current text.
Browse the state code (Justia)NIL authorized by executive order signed days before the NCAA interim policy; verify subsequent codification.
Browse the state code (Justia)2021 framework amended in 2023 toward permissiveness; verify the amendment cite before reliance.
Browse the state code (Justia)Includes distinctive provisions on group licensing and jersey/royalty compensation ahead of most peer statutes.
Browse the state code (Justia)2021 enactment via budget-session vehicle; verify act number and codified location.
Browse the state code (Justia)Original restrictive framework loosened by amendment to keep competitive parity with neighboring states.
Browse the state code (Justia)Among the first effective NIL laws; 2023 amendment enabled school facilitation; 2026 amendment expressly authorizes group licensing.
Read the statuteAmong the first NIL laws in the country; permits professional representation and bars athletic-association penalties for NIL activity.
Browse the state code (Justia)Enacted 2020 with delayed effectiveness; market practice moved ahead of the statute under the NCAA interim policy.
Browse the state code (Justia)Among the earliest NIL statutes; Nebraska athletes were later at the center of the first CSC deal-denial arbitrations (see Part II).
Browse the state code (Justia)Enacted September 2020 with delayed effectiveness — among the earliest East Coast NIL laws.
Browse the state code (Justia)The law that started everything. 2026 amendment: athletes must disclose deals over $500 to their school within 72 hours. Strong state right of publicity (Civ. Code § 3344).
Read the statuteFirst successful antitrust attack on amateurism: NCAA rules barring NIL compensation violate the Sherman Act; remedy capped at full cost of attendance.
Read the full opinionCollege QB's likeness in EA video games not protected by the First Amendment under the transformative-use test; athlete avatars are commercial use of NIL.
Read the full opinionNinth Circuit companion to Hart; together they priced athlete likenesses and set up the video-game damages later monetized in House.
Read the full opinionFederal prohibition on agent misconduct toward student-athletes (false promises, undisclosed inducements); FTC-enforced; complements state athlete-agent acts.
Read the statuteMost states layer the Uniform Athlete Agents Act or a bespoke act on top of NIL statutes: registration, disclosure, contract-form, and cooling-off requirements.
Uniform Law Commission (UAAA/RUAAA)Struck the NCAA's TV plan under the Sherman Act; its amateurism dictum shielded NCAA compensation rules for decades until Alston dismantled that reading.
Read the full opinionThe Supreme Court's only right-of-publicity case; recognized a state-law right to control commercial exploitation of one's persona. The doctrinal root of NIL as property.
Read the full opinionGoverns institutional disclosure of athlete education records, including responses to public-records requests for NIL and revenue-share data.
Read the statuteFalse endorsement/false association claims — the federal cousin of state publicity rights; governs use of school trademarks in athlete deals.
Read the statuteThe employment-status statutes with unresolved application to athletes (Johnson; Dartmouth). An employee finding would trigger wage, hour, and bargaining obligations.
Read the FLSA (NLRA at 29 U.S.C. § 151)The engine of every structural change from O'Bannon to House, and the constraint on any NCAA or conference rule not blessed by settlement or statute.
Read the statute